SHIP'S LOGBOOK
Estrecho de Magallanes
al fin rodeamos américa
“Continuando nuestra derrota hacia el sur, hallándonos hacia los 52° de latitud meridional, encontramos un estrecho que llamamos de las Once Mil Vírgenes, porque ese día les estaba consagrado. Este estrecho, como pudimos verlo en seguida, tiene de largo 440 millas o 110 leguas marítimas de cuatro millas cada una; tiene media legua de ancho, a veces más y a veces menos, y va a desembocar a otro mar que llamamos Mar Pacífico. Este estrecho está limitado por montañas muy elevadas y cubiertas de nieve, y es también muy profundo, de suerte que no pudimos echar en él el ancla sino muy cerca de tierra y en veinticinco a treinta brazas de agua.” Pigafetta
“After going and taking the course to the fifty-second degree of the said Antarctic sky, on the day of the Eleven Thousand Virgins [October 21], we found, by a miracle, a strait which we called the Cape of the Eleven Thousand Virgins, this strait is a hundred and ten leagues long, which are four hundred and forty miles, and almost as wide as less than half a league, and it issues in another sea, which is called the peaceful sea; it is surrounded by very great and high mountains covered with snow. In this place it was not possible to anchor with the anchors, because no bottom was found, on which account they were forced to put the moorings of twenty-five or thirty fathoms length on shore.” Pigafetta
Ahí siguen las montañas nevadas que flanquean el estrecho más buscado jamás.
Puerto San Julián
ultíma parada antes del estrecho
“Alejándonos de estas islas para continuar nuestra ruta, alcanzamos a los 49° 30′ de latitud sur, donde encontramos un buen puerto y como ya se nos aproximaba el invierno, juzgamos conveniente pasar ahí el mal tiempo.
Transcurrieron dos meses antes de que avistásemos a ninguno de los habitantes del país. Un día en que menos lo esperábamos se nos presentó un hombre de estatura gigantesca. Era tan alto que con la cabeza apenas le llegábamos a la cintura. Nuestro capitán dio a este pueblo el nombre de patagones. En este puerto, el cual pusimos el nombre de San Julián, gastamos cinco meses.” Pigafetta
“Departing thence as far as forty nine degrees and a half in the Antarctic heavens (as we were in the winter), we entered into a port to pass the winter, and remained there two whole months without ever seeing anybody. However, one day, without anyone expecting it, we saw a giant, who was on the shore of the sea, quite naked, and was dancing and leaping, and singing, and whilst singing he put the sand and dust on his head. The captain named this kind of people Pataghom We remained in this port, which was called the port of St. Julian, about five months, during which there happened to us many strange things.” Pigafetta
En este lugar pasaron los meses de Marzo a Octubre de 1520, y no conocemos aún el porqué. ¿Se repite la historia?
“Alejándonos de estas islas para continuar nuestra ruta, alcanzamos a los 49° 30′ de latitud sur, donde encontramos un buen puerto y como ya se nos aproximaba el invierno, juzgamos conveniente pasar ahí el mal tiempo.
Transcurrieron dos meses antes de que avistásemos a ninguno de los habitantes del país. Un día en que menos lo esperábamos se nos presentó un hombre de estatura gigantesca. Era tan alto que con la cabeza apenas le llegábamos a la cintura. Nuestro capitán dio a este pueblo el nombre de patagones. En este puerto, el cual pusimos el nombre de San Julián, gastamos cinco meses.” Pigafetta
“Departing thence as far as forty nine degrees and a half in the Antarctic heavens (as we were in the winter), we entered into a port to pass the winter, and remained there two whole months without ever seeing anybody. However, one day, without anyone expecting it, we saw a giant, who was on the shore of the sea, quite naked, and was dancing and leaping, and singing, and whilst singing he put the sand and dust on his head. The captain named this kind of people Pataghom We remained in this port, which was called the port of St. Julian, about five months, during which there happened to us many strange things.” Pigafetta
Homenaje actual a las calaveras de Magallanes.
Río de Solís (actual río de la Plata)
se pensó que era un mar
“Continuamos en seguida nuestra derrota pegados a la costa hasta los 34° 40′ de latitud meridional, donde encontramos un gran río de agua dulce. Aquí es donde habitan los caníbales. Este río forma siete islas pequeñas, en la mayor de las cuales, llamada cabo de Santa María, se encuentran piedras preciosas. Anteriormente se había creído que esa agua no era la de un río sino un canal por el cual se pasaba al Mar del Sur, pero se vio bien pronto que no era sino un río que tiene diecisiete leguas de ancho en su desembocadura.” Pigafetta
“Departing from it and following our course, we went as far as thirty-four degrees and a third towards the antarctic pole; there we found, near a river, men whom they call cannibals. In this same river there were seven little islands, and in the largest of them precious stones are found. This place was formerly called the Cape of St. Mary and it was thought there that from thence there was a passage to the Sea of Sur, that is to say, the South Sea. And now it is no longer a cape, but it is a river which has a mouth seventeen leagues in width, by which it enters into the sea.” Pigafetta
Desde el norte, primero encontramos Montevideo.
“Continuamos en seguida nuestra derrota pegados a la costa hasta los 34° 40′ de latitud meridional, donde encontramos un gran río de agua dulce. Aquí es donde habitan los caníbales. Este río forma siete islas pequeñas, en la mayor de las cuales, llamada cabo de Santa María, se encuentran piedras preciosas. Anteriormente se había creído que esa agua no era la de un río sino un canal por el cual se pasaba al Mar del Sur, pero se vio bien pronto que no era sino un río que tiene diecisiete leguas de ancho en su desembocadura.” Pigafetta
“Departing from it and following our course, we went as far as thirty-four degrees and a third towards the antarctic pole; there we found, near a river, men whom they call cannibals. In this same river there were seven little islands, and in the largest of them precious stones are found. This place was formerly called the Cape of St. Mary and it was thought there that from thence there was a passage to the Sea of Sur, that is to say, the South Sea. And now it is no longer a cape, but it is a river which has a mouth seventeen leagues in width, by which it enters into the sea.” Pigafetta
Algo más al sur la capital argentina, Buenos Aires.
Santa Lucía (actual Río de Janeiro)
Primera parada en el continente americano.
“Entramos a este puerto [actual Rio de Janeiro] el día de Santa Lucía, a 13 días del mes de diciembre. Teníamos entonces, a mediodía, el sol en el zenit, y experimentábamos mucho más calor que cuando pasamos la línea.
La tierra del Brasil, que abunda de toda clase de provisiones, es tan extensa como la Francia, la España y la Italia juntas: pertenece al rey de Portugal.
Los brasileros no son cristianos, pero tampoco son idólatras, porque no adoran nada: el instinto natural es su única ley. Viven tan largo tiempo, que es frecuente encontrar individuos que alcanzan hasta los ciento veinticinco y aun algunas veces hasta los ciento cuarenta años. Tanto las mujeres como los hombres andan desnudos. Sus habitaciones, que llaman boy, son cabañas alargadas, y duermen sobre redes de algodón, llamadas hamaks, sujetas por los dos extremos a postes gruesos.” Pigafetta
Puerto pesquero.
hacia el oeste paralelos al ecuador.
Cruzando el oceano.
“Cuando hubimos pasado la línea equinoccial, acercándonos al polo antártico, perdimos de vista la estrella polar. Dejamos el cabo entre el sur y el sudoeste, e hicimos rumbo a la tierra que se llama de Verzino [es nombre italiano para Brasil] por los 23° 30′ de latitud meridional.
Esta tierra es una continuación de la en que se encuentra el cabo de San Agustín, por los 8° 30′ de la misma latitud.” Pigafetta
“After that we had passed the equinoctial line, towards the south, we lost the star of the tramontana, and we navigated between the south and Garbin, which is the collateral wind [or point] between south and west; and we crossed as far as a country named Verzin, which is in twenty-four degrees and a half of the antarctic sky. This country is from the cape St. Augustine, which is in eight degrees in the antarctic sky.” Pigafetta
“After that we had passed the equinoctial line, towards the south, we lost the star of the tramontana, and we navigated between the south and Garbin, which is the collateral wind [or point] between south and west; and we crossed as far as a country named Verzin, which is in twenty-four degrees and a half of the antarctic sky. This country is from the cape St. Augustine, which is in eight degrees in the antarctic sky.” Pigafetta
Llegada a Tenerife.
La isla de Tenerife antesala de la aventura oceánica.
“El 26 llegamos auna de las islas Canarias, llamada Tenerife, situada en 28 grados de latitud septentrional. Detuvímonos ahí tres días en un sitio adecuado para procurarnos agua y leña: en seguida entramos en un puerto de la misma isla, llamado Monte-Rosso, donde pasamos dos días.” Pigafetta.
“On the twenty-sixth of the said month we arrived at an island of great Canaria, named Teneriphe, which is in twenty-eight degrees latitude; there we remained three days and a half to take in provisions and other things which were wanted. After that we set sail thence and came to a port named Monterose, where we sojourned two days to supply ourselves with pitch, which is a thing necessary for ships.“ Pigafetta.
El puerto en nuestros días.
“On the twenty-sixth of the said month we arrived at an island of great Canaria, named Teneriphe, which is in twenty-eight degrees latitude; there we remained three days and a half to take in provisions and other things which were wanted. After that we set sail thence and came to a port named Monterose, where we sojourned two days to supply ourselves with pitch, which is a thing necessary for ships.“ Pigafetta.
Partida de Sanlúcar.
Salida oficial del viaje.
“Algunos días después, el comandante en jefe y los capitanes de las otras naves se vinieron en las chalupas desde Sevilla hasta San Lúcar, y se acabó de vituallar la escuadra. Todas las mañanas se bajaba a tierra para oír la misa en la iglesia de N.S. de Barrameda; y antes de partir, el jefe determinó que toda la tripulación se confesase, prohibiendo en absoluto que se embarcase mujer alguna en la escuadra.
Partimos de San Lúcar el 20 de septiembre, dirigiéndonos hacia el sudoeste.” Pigafetta.
“A few days afterwards the captain-general came along the said river with his boat, and the masters of the other ships with him, and we remained some days in this port to supply the fleet with some necessary things. We went every day to hear mass on shore, at a church named Our Lady of Barrameda, towards St. Lucar. There the captain commanded that all the men of the fleet should confess before going on any further, in which he himself showed the way to the others. Besides he did not choose that anyone should bring any married woman, or others to the ships, for several good considerations. Tuesday, the 20th September of the said year, we set sail from St. Lucar, making the course of the south-west otherwise.“ Pigafetta.
Salida de la réplica 500 años después.
“A few days afterwards the captain-general came along the said river with his boat, and the masters of the other ships with him, and we remained some days in this port to supply the fleet with some necessary things. We went every day to hear mass on shore, at a church named Our Lady of Barrameda, towards St. Lucar. There the captain commanded that all the men of the fleet should confess before going on any further, in which he himself showed the way to the others. Besides he did not choose that anyone should bring any married woman, or others to the ships, for several good considerations. Tuesday, the 20th September of the said year, we set sail from St. Lucar, making the course of the south-west otherwise.“ Pigafetta.
La réplica de la nao Victoria prepara su salida.
Llegada a Sanlúcar.
primera parada para cargar y preparar la travesía.
“Continuando el descenso del Betis, se pasa cerca de Coria y algunas otras aldeas hasta San Lúcar, castillo de propiedad del duque de Medina Sidonia. Ahí es donde está el puerto que da al océano, a diez leguas del cabo de San Vicente, en el grado 37 de latitud norte. De Sevilla a este puerto hay de diecisiete a veinte leguas.” Pigafetta.
“After having passed the two columns we came to another place named Coria, and passing by many little
villages lying along the said river, at last we arrived at a castle, which belongs to the Duke of Medina
Sidonia, named St. Lucar, where there is a port from which to enter the ocean sea. It is entered by the east
wind and you go out by the west wind. Near there is the cape of St. Vincent, which, according to
cosmography, is in thirty-seven degrees of latitude, at twenty miles distance from the said port; and from
the aforesaid town to this port by the river there are thirty-five or forty miles.“ Pigafetta.
Vista panorámica de Sanlúcar en la actualidad.
“After having passed the two columns we came to another place named Coria, and passing by many little
villages lying along the said river, at last we arrived at a castle, which belongs to the Duke of Medina
Sidonia, named St. Lucar, where there is a port from which to enter the ocean sea. It is entered by the east
wind and you go out by the west wind. Near there is the cape of St. Vincent, which, according to
cosmography, is in thirty-seven degrees of latitude, at twenty miles distance from the said port; and from
the aforesaid town to this port by the river there are thirty-five or forty miles.“ Pigafetta.
Vecinos de Sanlúcar paseando por la ciudad.
La partida.
Zarpamos!!!!
“Lunes por la mañana, 10 de agosto del año 1519, una vez que la escuadra tuvo a bordo todo lo que era necesario, como igualmente su tripulación, compuesta de 237 hombres, se anunció la partida con una descarga de artillería, y se desplegaron las velas de trinquete.” Pigafetta.
“Monday, the day of St. Laurence, the 10th of August, in the year above mentioned, the fleet, provided with what was necessary for it, and carrying crews of different nations, to the number of two hundred and thirty-seven men in all the five ships, was ready to set sail from the mole of Seville; and firing all the artillery. “Pigafetta
Lugar de los muelles desde donde partió la flota de Magallanes en la orilla Del Río Guadalquivir.
“Monday, the day of St. Laurence, the 10th of August, in the year above mentioned, the fleet, provided with what was necessary for it, and carrying crews of different nations, to the number of two hundred and thirty-seven men in all the five ships, was ready to set sail from the mole of Seville; and firing all the artillery. “Pigafetta
La Torre del Oro engalanada se dispone a despedir a la expedición.
Víspera de la partida.
últimos pensamientos y actividades.
“A los peligros naturalmente inherentes a esta empresa, se unía aún una desventaja para él, y era que los comandantes de las otras cuatro naves, que debían hallarse bajo su mando, eran sus enemigos, por la sencilla razón de que eran españoles y Magallanes portugués.” Pigafetta.
“that is to say that the masters and captains of the other ships of his company did not love him: of this I do not know the reason, except by cause of his, the captain-general, being Portuguese, and they were Spaniards or Castilians, who for a long time have been in rivalry and ill will with one another.” Pigafetta
El mismo lugar donde fondeaban las 5 naos las vispera de la partida de magallanes.
“that is to say that the masters and captains of the other ships of his company did not love him: of this I do not know the reason, except by cause of his, the captain-general, being Portuguese, and they were Spaniards or Castilians, who for a long time have been in rivalry and ill will with one another.” Pigafetta
La iglesia de Santa Ana en Triana, en la víspera de la partida de las naves desde el puerto de Sevilla. 500 años antes, Magallanes y aproximadamente 240 marineros fueron a rezar a la Virgen de la Victoria en esta iglesia el dia anterior de la gran aventura.
